There are two good economic reasons for cracking oil fractions i there isn. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa. You can find instructions for this experiment at resourceres00000681crackinghydrocarbons liquid paraffin. Dec 31, 2015 summary video on cracking for gcse chemistry. Scientists also talk about these compounds as saturated and unsaturated. You can find instructions for this experiment at liquid paraffin. Cracking is the process whereby long and medium chain hydrocarbons are heated and break apart giving short chain alkanes, alkenes and hydrogen. You are reminded of the need for good english and clear presentation. Science a ch1fp unit chemistry c1 f revision science gcse.
Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are heated to vaporise them. However, if cracking catalyst is given as part of the process, maximum is level 2. This is called catalytic cracking and is an example of a thermal decomposition reaction. Nov 14, 2017 gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. These are organic molecules that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms in a treeshaped structure acyclic or not a ring. The oxford open learning trusts staff are now working from home. By doing this we enhance the life chances of the children and young people in our care. Chemistry revision notes on the topic cracking hydrocarbons. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. May 21, 2012 t write your answers neatly and in good english. Norsk nynorsk polski portugues romana simple english slovencina slovenscina.
They are required for admission to certain institutes of higher education in the uk. Cracking is a thermal decomposition process by which large alkane hydrocarbon molecules are broken down by passing them over a heated catalyst at high pressure. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. The remainder were reformed with the 2016 and 2017 syllabus publications, leading to first awards in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Ch 4 methane c 2 h 6 ethane c 3 h 8 propane c 4 h 10 butane c 5 h 12 pentane c 6 h 14 hexane c 7 h 16 heptane c 8 h 18 octane c 9 h 20 nonane. A fully resourced lesson with assessment on the cracking of crude oil.
Gcse examinations in english and mathematics were reformed with the 2015 syllabus publications, with these first examinations taking places in 2017. The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane. After the fractional distillation of crude oil there are too many large hydrocarbons and not enough small hydrocarbons to meet the publics demand. Ch 4 methane c 2 h 6 ethane c 3 h 8 propane c 4 h 10 butane c 5 h 12 pentane c 6 h 14 hexane c 7 h 16 heptane c 8 h 18 octane c 9 h 20 nonane c 10 h 22 decane. The equation represents a reaction that takes place when decane, c10h22, is cracked. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Fast track gcse english distance learning oxford open learning. But dont worry, each and every one of them, be they a teacher or a student adviser, has the same access to our servers, tools and telephone systems that they would have if they were in the office. Science a ch1fp unit chemistry c1 f gcse and alevel. Gcse science a chemistry 1 specimen paper foundation tier v1. Decane is catalytically cracked to produce octane for petrol and ethene for ethanol.
Decomposition of a complex substance by the application of steam, a catalyst, or heat, especially the breaking of petroleum molecules into shorter. The diagram shows an apparatus that can be used to carry out cracking reactions in a laboratory. The edexcel international gcse in english language specification b is based on the former olevel in english language and retains the requirement for a wide vocabulary and accuracy in the use of grammar, punctuation and spelling, whilst encouraging the student to acquire a range of skills through the study of lively and relevant. Chemistry catalytic cracking help the student room. Sep 26, 2010 i really dont understand how to answer this chemistry question could someone please explain the method i would use to work out the answer ethene, c2h4 is one product of cracking decane, c10h22. Aqa gcse chemistry common reactions flashcards quizlet. Assuming there is only one other product in each case, balance equations for 1. Please comment if you have any questions, and subscribe if you. The new gcse english language and english 2 literature and maths specifications will be taught from september 2015 and examined from june 2017. A brief description of the difference between thermal and catalytic cracking of alkanes. The starter is a data analysis activity that links in to the leaning objective. In this question you will be assessed on using good english, organising information. In the united kingdom, the general certificate of secondary education gcse is an academic qualification, generally taken in a number of subjects by pupils in secondary education in england, wales, and northern ireland. Cracking of hydrocarbons involves thermal decomposition.
Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Fast track gcse english distance learning oxford open. By using the general formula, it is possible to balance the. A resource to encourage students to think about the general and molecular formulae of organic compounds, focussing on alkanes and alkenes in particular. In this question you will be assessed on using good english, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. General certificate of secondary education june 2006. Cracking definition of cracking by the free dictionary. The gasoline produced in the fcc unit has an elevated octane rating but is less chemically stable compared to. Fraction d contains decane that has this displayed formula. It can undergo cracking to give octane, c 8 h 18, and. Gcse chemistry specimen question paper foundation specimen. This produced a mixture of products, including ethene. Alevel chemistry help lastminute alevel chemistry revision. I really dont understand how to answer this chemistry question could someone please explain the method i would use to work out the answer ethene, c2h4 is one product of cracking decane, c10h22. The cracking of decane can be represented by the equation below. Would say that it can be controlled the temperatures which are used during catalytic cracking and the quantity of decane gases which is added. Cracking happens when we heat long alkane molecules into a vapor, and pass the vapor over a catalyst, or mix it with steam.
Just remember, in a cracking equation, the reactant is a long alkane and the two products are smaller alkane and alkene molecules. Decane is cracked to produce octane for petrol and ethene for ethanol. A little blog to go off on tangents within the worlds of history and literature that interest me. Uk, initialism general certificate of secondary education uk esame finale della scuola superiore nm sostantivo maschile. In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert. Gcse aqa grade materials for this paper you must have. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. The octane is one of the molecules found in petrol gasoline. A decane molecule is split into two smaller molecules. We constantly focus on standards as we understand outcomes are paramount. Cracking hydrocarbon chains will be expected for all three exam boards which are aqa. Kirk balk academy is a member of the northern education trust. Electricity comes to cocoa bottom english teaching resources.
For example, decane an alkane with 10 carbons can be cracked to produce octane and ethene. C 6 h 12 is hexene hex is six, as in hexagon and so on. C 16 h 34 is an alkane which can be used as the starting chemical in cracking. May 17, 2018 ii give the general formula of the homologous series that includes decane. Are looking to start postgraduate or degree level programs but need english gcse grade c or above for university entry have previously studied the qualification and need to improve their grade. Alkanes and alkenes building and cracking formulae. Alkenes are reactive molecules that are used to make plastics and other chemicals. Alkanes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa gcse. Complete the equation by adding the formula of the other product.
You see, swatting up on the literature texts means knowing the texts inside out, upside down impressive. Write a chemical equation for the cracking of decane. Gcse chemistry revision covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single covalent bonds, alkenes, double covalent bonds, and cracking paraffin. May 16, 2017 a fully resourced lesson with assessment on the cracking of crude oil. From the tudors to tom hardys tess, or from the wars of the roses to wuthering heights, feel free to browse through my musings to pick up extra ideas and points for discussion. Step a weigh an empty evaporating basin step b transfer 50 cm3 of sea water into the basin step c heat the sea water in the basin until all the water has evaporated step d allow the basin and residue to cool. The fast track english international gcse course is tailored for students who. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin a historical name that also has other meanings, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. Start studying aqa gcse chemistry common reactions. For historical reasons, the total increase in demand will be greater in gcse english than in other subjects. Fuels and earth science practical questions sample. I do hope youre channeling your energy into some purposeful literature revision and that rereading an inspector calls is an integral element of this process. Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science.
There is a greater demand for smaller hydrocarbons than larger ones. Our decision making is driven entirely by what is best for children. I have my chemistry today at lunchtime and i feel so much better about my. Mar 15, 2010 complete the equation for cracking decane c10h22. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby. What is the cracking of hydrocarbons after the fractional distillation of crude oil there are too many large hydrocarbons and not enough small hydrocarbons to meet the publics demand.
Cracking of hydrocarbons is covered before pupils are asked questions on the reasons for the process and how it is carried out. Theres even a handy revision calendar for them to print out. During cracking, the long molecules break apart, forming smaller alkanes and alkenes. These are the best videos i have found for my aqa dual revision. Ks4 organic chemistry alkanes and alkenes student copy. It can undergo cracking to give octane, c 8 h 18, and two molecules of the same alkene. The international general certificate of secondary education international gcse and international advanced level ial are the uk equivalent of schoolleaving or university entrance examinations and are available in a wide range of subjects. The first ten members of the homologous series of the alkanes are.
It provides an opportunity to practise drawing displayed structural formulae. General certificate of secondary education wikipedia. This video prepares students for gcse higher tier science. C2h5oh has a hydroxyl group oh, that is why it is written in that way to underline this group. Targeted towards aqa c1 topic 5 but suitable for edexcel and other exam boards too. Ks4 organic chemistry alkanes and alkenes student copy free download as powerpoint presentation. This bundle of resources from teachit helps students recap key words and terminology for gcse english language, and lets them play some triedandtested games and activities, like this printable language board game, to go over important skills for the exam. Teaching methods will therefore need to change if grades are to be maintained. This breaks long alkane molecules which arent very useful into smaller molecules. If cracking is given as a preliminary or subsequent process to fractional distillation then ignore. Gcse chemistry what is the chemistry of the cracking of. Gcse chemistry what is the cracking of hydrocarbons. Some of the large hydrocarbons the heavier fractions are broken down into more useful smaller hydrocarbons lighter fractions by a process known as cracking.
A sample of decane, c 10 h 22, was cracked using the apparatus shown in the diagram. Examples of chemistry points made in the response could include. A saturated compound only has single cc bonds, while an unsaturated compound has one or more double cc bonds, or even triple c. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. Starting with pentene, the alkene names have the same prefixes used to name shapes.
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